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This literature review was written to communicate the findings uncovered after thorough research was conducted to determine the effects one-to-one (1:1) computing initiatives can have on teaching and learning. The studies utilized for this literature review connect a wide range of topics pertaining to 1:1 computing that include student motivation and achievement, preferred devices, educator perspectives and perceptions, professional development, inclusive environments, and collaborative learning. At the end of the review, it was determined that in all areas of 1:1 computing it is evident that strong professional development and careful planning is needed to properly implement a successful integration program that supports teaching and learning. The findings of this review determine the need for further, more specific research to be conducted on ways in which 1:1 technology can continue to improve and transform 21st century learning in K-12 environments.